Alternative Dispute Resolution Free Essays

Man has always sort ways of dealing with conflicts and disputes among members of the society in a just and fair manner. Alternative dispute resolution is one among the conflict resolution methods which have gained much acceptance from the public in the recent years. The process involves any form of dispute resolution technique that does not follow the legal judicial process provisions of the law (Maclaury, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Dispute Resolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is however worth noting that due to the increasing acceptance of alternative dispute resolution by legal professions, some legal courts allow for its use before a case is tried. Such are viable measures in ensuring equitable justice in resolving disputes between parties. They also provide an efficient and highly cost effective way of resolving disputes. To be realized here is the fact that, of all the existing types of alternative dispute resolution methods, none is applicable to victims of capital crimes (Mareschal, 2002). The author of this paper gives a discussion on alternative dispute resolution, its history and the different forms or methods it takes. The author also takes a look on the alternative dispute options as accepted in the modern society and how they have influenced the process of executing equitable justice between disputing parties. History of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) The history of alternative dispute resolution is as old as the history of man (Mackie, 2001). Disagreements have always existed among people in the society. However, the modern history of ADR in the American society is evidently marked with the 1960s political and civil conflicts (Banks, 2008). Such conflicts led to the implementation of human rights laws thus giving the people legal provisions for compensation on ill treatment. This was found to increase the number of legal suits in our courts of justice, a factor which led to the popular appreciation of meditation and arbitration as viable ways of resolving dispute. This did not only ensure justice but much reduced the case load in the court system. Alternative dispute resolution techniques There are mainly four type of ADR. First is negotiation. This technique of conflict resolution involves only the type disputing parties voluntarily seeking a solution to their dispute (New York State Unified Court System, 2009). Mediation is another form of dispute resolution technique which mainly involves a third party who chairs the resolution process. It is however to be noted here that the mediator might suggest a solution to the dispute but does not have the legal/moral authority to impose it to the parties. This method is commonly used in resolving civil and ethnic conflicts within a nation or conflicts between nations. The third method of alternative dispute resolution is the collaborative law. This technique is characterized by the fact that it involves attorneys representing the disputing parties (Mareschal, 2002). The legal professionals are tied by the contractual terms signed with their clients and thus are always acting in the interests of their respective party. Arbitration is another commonly used technique of ADR. This form of resolution process is differentiated from negotiation in that it involves a third party. Another difference of arbitration from other forms of ADR is that the third party imposes a resolution to the problem. It is due to this reason that such a technique is usually used if the disputing parties had allowed for such in their contract (Maclaury, 2005). Due to the unfairness that could arise from such imposed resolutions, it is a common provision for parties to appeal in the courts of justice. It should however be noted that there are other forms of ADR such as case evaluation, which involves evaluation of the positions of the parties by a third party. The evaluator then gives an assessment of the possible decision that could be made in the law courts. Such evaluations by a legal expert are made to influence the parties in resolving to settle the case outside the law courts. It is still to be noted that family conferences are another ADR technique as it strengthens the mutual relationships between family members thus reducing incidences of ill-treatment among them (Banks, 2008). Courts or individual parties can select a neutral party who contacts a fact searching investigation on the dispute. This technique is mainly applied in resolving intellectual property disputes. Lastly, ADR can take a form in which an organization selects a third party who oversees the resolution of its disputes with complaints. Changes and options provided in ADR Traditional ADR techniques involved the constant physical involvement of the parties in resolution process. It has however been evident that most modern ADR techniques like meditation and arbitration allow for the founding of a resolution by the third party in the absence of the disputing parties (Banks, 2008). Another change in ADR is seen in arbitration. Traditional arbitrations involved a member of the governing authority as the third party who imposes the resolution to the dispute (Center for Democracy and Governance, 1998). However, this has changed in that modern arbitration process has a neutral commercial vendor as the third party. This party should not have strong social or political influence in the process. This avoids imposition of unfair resolutions to the disputing parties. Another change of ADR techniques in the modern society is the legal provisions for appeal by the parties in the event of failure to resolve the dispute outside courtrooms. It is however to be noted that, following the legal provisions for ADR, rules and regulations have been developed thus making the process more reliable. It is due to this reason that such dispute resolution techniques are gaining much acceptance in the public domain. Courts have evidently employed such techniques as neutral fact finding in seeking to identify the underlying facts behind the dispute. Such testimonies have a great impact in ensuring fair and just judgments in our courts. ADR has a number of options. The first is the fact that the two parties involve in the resolution process on voluntary basis (Maclaury, 2005). Even arbitration requires for a legal binding provision on the contract signing to be executed. Another option is that the parties are free to agree or disagree on the disputed matter and can seek judicial justices as an appeal. It is however to be noted that ADR resolution once agreed upon by the two parties are legally binding and violation by any party is subject to the law. Conclusion ADR has been one way of settling disputes between parties in a contract agreement. This is also applied in disputes involving neglect of a legal responsibility by one party over another. It is however to be realized that such dispute resolution techniques have gained much acceptance in the community due to the increasing respect for human rights space in the modern society. This has also been attributed to the fact that ADR has been legally recognized by our judicial systems. References Banks, S. (2008). ADR and Litigation Involving Social Problems. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 35, 71-97. Center for Democracy and Governance. (1998). Alternative Dispute Resolution Practitioners’ Guide. Retrieved December 11, 2009, from http://www. usaid. gov/our_work/democracy_and_governance/publications/pdfs/pnacb895. pdf Mackie, K. (2001). A Handbook of Dispute Resolution; ADR in Action. New York: Routledge. Maclaury, J. (2005). Alternative Dispute Resolution. Monthly Labor Review, 128, 46-137. Mareschal, P. (2002). Introduction: New Frontiers in Alternative Dispute Resolution. International Journal of Public Administration, 25, 67-101. New York State Unified Court System (2009). Alternative Dispute Resolution. Retrieved December 11, 2009, from http://www. courts. state. ny. us/ip/adr/What_Is_ADR. shtml How to cite Alternative Dispute Resolution, Papers Alternative Dispute Resolution Free Essays Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a mean used or applied by the parties who wish to settle their disputes or differences outside courtroom. When a learning team decides to resolve disputes, disagreements or differences among learning team members, it can use optional ADR clause. The clause is normally used when the matter is not resolved through negotiation and is recommended to the team by the Centre for Dispute Resolution (CEDR). We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Dispute Resolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the disputes subjected to ADR are: Personal confrontation, dispute over goals, disagreement over methods, means and routines, dispute expected as health interaction etc. Disputes arise when team members think only of themselves, compete with one another, criticize teammates and blame someone else for wrongdoing. Dispute is endemic in organizational life and research shows that â€Å"conflict can often be a means by which teams learn to work together effectively.† (Charles, 2001) The provisions necessary for ADR to occur  Ã‚  Ã‚   includes: If a team member expresses dissatisfaction with the recommendation of the team, if a member expresses dissatisfaction with a decision made by the team, if a member is dissatisfied with teams’ determination to solve a dispute, then they may submit the entire dispute to the ADR clause. Though ADR helps the parties to settle the disputes, for the process to work effectively then; Team members must agree to work with dispute that affect interpersonal relationships of the team and accept the dispute as it exists. Members should progressively learn how to discuss issues vigorously, handle each member and engage in arguments without feeling as if they are personally attacked. They should emphasize on dialogue between the members, avoid gossip and make sure not to expose team discussions outside.   The public policy reasons for enforcing the clause should be good.The ADR clause must go much further than coming up with a simple agreement to negotiate. The intention of the members should be mutual and the litigation should be treated as the last alternative.   ADR need to be applied as the last resort when the team fails to reach an agreement to settle their differences. References Charles A. Cooper, (2001) Alternative Dispute Resolution Practice Guide. New York: Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Company. Nancy F. Atlas, (2000) Alternative Dispute Resolution. New York: American Bar Association. How to cite Alternative Dispute Resolution, Papers

Professionalism and Consequences of Violation

Question: Discuss about the Professionalism and Consequences of Violation. Answer: Introduction This assignment tries to show the ethical dilemma that can be involved in a chosen case study, which is on Computer Company. The security administrator is asked to make a report on ethics and clauses for the usage of website pages. Thomas White has proposed a useful methodology, which can well help Joseph in handling the ethical dilemma involved in setting up ethics and clauses for a computer Company. The methodology is divided into three segments such as identifying the expected consequences, analyzing the needed actions and at the last making the decisions. Values of ACS Code of Ethics ACS code of ethics encourages for several societal values that are well needed in order to be a valuable societal person. Ethics are as follows: The Primacy of the Public Interest The Enhancement of Quality of Life Honesty Competence Professional Development professionalism The ACS code of ethics would act under certain clauses, which would become an obligation for the employees. In case of not meeting with the set code of ethics and the clauses, employees might be held penalised under the legislation rule of Australia. Following are the list of clauses that are needed to follow: The prohibited sites should not be visited, if anyone found of indulging in the violation of the ethical guidelines for honesty, he or she would be held liable under the Illegal Logging Prohibition Act 2012 Under the ethical guidelines of honesty, if someone is found guilty of visiting the restricted sites for the first time, he or she would be left on strict warning only under the Illegal Logging Prohibition Act 2012 Professionalism is of utmost requirement from all the employees, which include the adherence of all the ethical guidelines, the violation of a single ethical point would attract strict warning under the Professional Standards Regulation 2014 Those who are not well versed with the professionalism, they need to follow the instructed ethical guidelines strictly in order to prevent from any strict action under the Professional Standards Regulation 2014 Those who are found guilty of breaking serial ethical guideline, he or she would soon be terminated from the organization under the Professional Standards Regulation 2014. Conclusion Joseph can effectively reduce its pressure by concerning to the ACS code of ethics and relevant clauses. Joseph can also restrict the sites that are not allowed by just installing the firewall security. After the installation, once the employee visits the restricted sites, employee would be able to see a pop up stating that the particular site is prohibited. The particular assignment deals with the ethical dilemma, which can appear at the time of drafting a report on ethical guidelines about the websites. It instructs the employees about the professionalism and the consequences of violation of any ethical guideline.

Triangular slave trade free essay sample

Causes and effects of the Triangular Trade on Africa Citizens around the world know little history regarding slavery and slave trade despite the fact that slaves were African Americans who not only worked for free but were treated terribly, many individuals lack the knowledge of how slavery was originated and greatly impacted regions of the world. The Triangular trade was a trading method established by the Europeans hundreds of years ago. Its referred to as the Triangular Trade because it consists of trade with Africa, America, and Europe creating a triangular route of trade. This system was developed to fulfill the needs of each coo entry and to become industrialized. The Triangular Trade caused extreme complication and effected Africa in numerous ways. On the first leg Of the trip European merchants went to Africa to trade their household goods in return for a desired number of slaves, Then shipped the slaves to America on what was known was the Middle Passage where they were sold for cash and bought tobacco, rum, sugar and cotton back to Europe where these products were sold for outstanding profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Triangular slave trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This trading method was very successful because African Americans already practiced slavery in Africa and America was in high demand for laborers to work the sugar cane plantations and make profit trading the finished product to Europe. The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade (Middle Passage,Wisped). This was often considered the first leg of the journey. European merchants sailed to Africa with manufactured goods to trade in return for a ship full of slaves. As time went on slave traders became more and more greedy they came to realize that the more slaves hey can squeeze on board the larger their profits will be. With no regards to the slaves who were often seen as property, they were forced to be tightly packed on a ship where they were sent to America as if they were cargo or a product. They suffered severely from poor nutrition and horrible conditions throughout their long journey to America. Diseases, sicknesses and poor conditions were the main contributors of the fairly large mortality rates of African Americans on these ships. The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million; a reader look at Africans deaths directly attributable to the institution of slavery from 1500 to 1900 suggests up to four million African deaths (Middle Passage,Wisped). About half of the deaths of Africans during the years of slavery occurred on the voyage. The amount of deaths and the amount of Africans who were sent to America resulted in a massive decrease in Africans population. As the slave trade continued violence began to grow rapidly throughout Africa. Violence was caused mainly due to the high demand of labor needed in America. Although they already practiced slavery among their own people, Africans never thought twice about how they were going to supply such large quantities of slaves to the Americas in the long run. Sure enough as time went on Africans began running out of prisoners of war and began creating war among tribes in order to make money. Inter-Communal wars waged to procure slaves were intensely destructive of human lives (Oversimplifications). The thought of the Africans at the time was that if they didnt sell enough slaves they would not make money and benefit from trade considering the amount of time which passed before it had been abolished. This was seemingly all they knew at the time and didnt think together as a whole about how they could more efficiently trade and profit without the use of slaves. You could only imagine the corruption that went on among Africans at the time.The constant fear that ran through their minds on a day to day basis wondering if they would remain free or even make it to see tomorrow. These African slave trade wars impacted Africans social, cultural, and economic development from many different aspects. Instead of trying to work as a country to become more sophisticated and developed hey became side tracked by the slave trade in fact they did the exact opposite and provided their own people as laborers for American plantations.This was one essential reason that led to the under development of African society is still considered an issue today even after several generations have passed. Racism has been a wide spread issue in a number of areas around the world and forever changed the image of specific races. It is generally known as the belief where a superior race dominantly controls or rules an inferior race. The slave trade bartered millions of slaves to America and is significantly expansible for the prejudice view of African Americans in American society. As systems of bondage differed widely, so did the degree of freedom granted former slaves (Nice Slate). Even after the slave trade came to an end, former slaves still endured rights on what they can and cannot do. America faced a long period of segregation in later years. Black and white neighborhoods were separated as well as medical services, educational opportunity, employment opportunities, and transportation services all because of the idea that they are considered the minority.Blacks just wanted to be treated equal and fulfill the dream of being free to do whatever it is that they choose but always seem to come up short of these opportunities. In the nineteen century an amendment was created stating that all men and women are created equal which didnt seem all that believable because of the segregation of races. Although this did help somewhat to restore order and put an end to the occurrence of racial crimes and abuses toward the people of Africa. Americans used rather indirect ways to keep Africans from attaining social rights by imposing literacy tests for those who wanted to vote.Knowing blacks were rather illiterate the American legislature followed up with the idea to keep backs from having a say in government. Racism has been passed down hundreds of years due to the slave trade and still exists to this day. Africa was affected economically, politically, and socially by different influences but one more particular was known as the triangular slave. Europe designed the idea of the slave trade which in turn prevented Africa from pursuing in the development in those few precise areas which had negative results on the industrialization in Africa. Triangular Slave Trade free essay sample The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began around the mid-fifteenth century when Portuguese interests in Africa moved away from the fabled deposits of gold to a much more readily available commodity slaves. By the seventeenth century the trade was in full swing, reaching a peak towards the end of the eighteenth century. It was a trade which was especially fruitful, since every stage of the journey could be profitable for merchants the infamous triangular trade. Why did the Trade Begin?Expanding European empires in the New World lacked one major resource a work force. In most cases the indigenous peoples had proved unreliable (most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe), and Europeans were unsuited to the climate and suffered under tropical diseases. Africans, on the other hand, were excellent workers: they often had experience Of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be worked very hard on p lantations or in mines. We will write a custom essay sample on Triangular Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Was Slavery New to Africa?Africans had been traded as slaves for centuries -? reaching Europe via the Islamic-run, trans-Sahara, trade routes. Slaves obtained from the Muslim dominated North African coast however proved to be too well educated to be trusted and had a tendency to rebellion. See The Role of Islam in African Slavery for more about Slavery in Africa before the Trans-Atlantic Trade began. Slavery was also a traditional part of African society various states and kingdoms in Africa operated one or more of the following: chattel slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, and serfdom.See Types of Slavery in Africa for more on this topic. What was the Triangular Trade? [pica]llama: @ Alistair Body-Evans. Licensed to About. Com, Inc. All three takes of the Triangular Trade (named for the rough shape it makes on a map) proved lucrative for merchants. The first stage of the Triangular Trade involved taking manufactured goods from Europe to Africa: cloth, spirit, tobacco, beads, cowries shells, metal goods, and guns. The guns were used to help expand empires and obtain more slaves (until they were finally used against European colon seizers).These goods were exchanged for African slaves. The second stage of the Triangular Trade (the middle passage) involved shipping the slaves to the Americas. The third, and final, stage of the Triangular Trade involved the return to Europe with the produce from the slave-labor plantations: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum. Origin of African Slaves Sold in the Triangular Trade [pica]llama: O Alistair Body-Evans. Licensed to About. Com, Inc. Slaves for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade were initially sourced in Sexagenarian and the Windward Coast.Around 1 650 the trade moved to west-central Africa (the Kingdom of the Kong and neighboring Angola). The transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas forms the middle passage of the triangular trade. Several distinct regions can be identified along the est. African coast, these are distinguished by the particular European countries who visited the slave ports, the peoples who were enslaved, and the dominant African society(s) who provided the slaves. For more on the regions where slaves were sourced see this map.Who Started the Triangular Trade? For two hundred years, 1440-1640, Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves from Africa. It is notable that they were also the last European country to abolish the institution although, like France, it still continued to work former slaves as contract laborers, which they called liberties or engages ; amps. It is estimated that during the 4 1/2 centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Portugal was responsible for transporting over 4. Million Africans (roughly 40% of the total). How Did the Europeans Obtain the Slaves? Between 1450 and the end of the nineteenth century, slaves were obtained from along the west coast of Africa with the full and active co-operation of African kings and merchants. (There were occasional military campaigns organized by Europeans to capture slaves, especially by the Portuguese in what is now Angola, but this accounts for only a small percentage of the total. )

the growing number of teenage girls being stricken with eating disorders today essays

the growing number of teenage girls being stricken with eating disorders today essays An eating disorder is defined as a preoccupation with dieting and thinness leading to excessive weight loss. Ten years ago, the number of teenagers who suffered from eating disorders was less than 500,000. Today, there are more than three million teenage girls, in the U.S. alone, being stricken with diseases such as anorexia and bulimia. The alarming fact is that more than 15% of these girls will die. There are a number of different causes behind the developement of eating disorders. The stress put on young girls by the opposite sex and the fact that young girls face constant exposure to the be thin message from television, movies, fashion magazines, and the diet industry. Yet, the number one factor that runs through more than 95% of eating disorder victims is the issue of mental illness. Day in and day out, young girls deal with so much pressure from the opposite sex. In a poll taken in 1997, 80% of five thousand men claimed they perceive the perfect woman to be tall and thin. They also said that their idea of tall and thin was 510, 130 pounds. In reality, that description fits less than 5% of the population. Young men sometimes give girls a terrible self-image of themselves. Sometime, the harmless words of an adolescent boy can lead a girl with low self-esteem to a dangerous eating disorder. Take a look a one of todays fashion magazines! The definition of skinny is perceived in every picture. Not too long ago, Marilyn Monroe was the absolute icon of beauty. Today, a Hollywood casting director would tell her to come back when shed lost some weight. Todays standards of beauty are anorexic looking models and movie stars like Calista Flockhart of Ally McBeal. Twenty years ago, models weighed 8% less than the average woman; today, models weigh 23% less than the average woman. The pressure to be thin is greater than ever and young girls are being bombarded with images from...

Collaboration Skills for School Professionals Essay

Collaboration Skills for School Professionals - Essay Example This case study revolves around Zach and Patrick who are both in 5th grade in Mrs. Anderson’s class. Mr. Alvarez is a member of the teaching staff in the school who dedicates 30 minutes of his time in assist Zach address his reading roles with a collaborative support from Mrs. Anderson who is the class teacher. However, Patrick and Zach have been causing disruptions in class whereby Patrick teases Zach by making hurtful comments and name calling causing Zach to respond angrily hence, little classroom work and instruction gets done during the interruptions which in turn affects the whole classroom. Those involved in the caseMrs. Anderson is the teacher of twenty-five fifth-grade students with thirteen boys and twelve girls. Among the twenty-five students, three of them have disabilities in learning. Zach who is one of the students in Mrs. Anderson’s class has a learning disability and he receives help from Mr. Alvarez. He particularly likes math and he particularly adore d the topic that they had just completed in class. Furthermore, he even comes to school during recesses and sometimes stays after school to feed the class guinea pig.Patrick is also one of the students in Mrs. Anderson’s class who loves participating in class plays and skits. He also participates in community sports such as softball. Other than co-curricular activities, Patrick is an average student academically and he also loves being in the class limelight by telling funny stories.

HR management case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR management - Case Study Example They admit that their bosses - Kenny and Norton could not have been more successful than they are and are proud to have them on board of the company. Tony asks how they reached to having their own company and the narrator explains that both Kenny and Norton played various sports - baseball, basketball, football. They knew each other since high school and kept their relationship through college and after that stayed family friends. Both of them were married, had families and kids. When in their 40s Norton (radio-television marketing and promotion manager) and Kenny (a structural engineer for an auto manufacturer) decided to give their childhood dream another try and opened their own company. The business started as sporting equipment store and used equipment swap, for children in middle or high school, because their children were at that age. Tony and Bobby ask themselves what will be their occupation when they reach the crisis of the 40s. Tony replies that may be he will be still working for the same company Team Fun, as he likes people and the kind of work that he is doing. Bobby says that may be he will be the owner of the company, because he knows how to turn into more profitable business, with cutting the costs and franchising. 1. In my opinion we can group the four characters into four categories. For Tony the career and success mean that he is happy with what he got so far. He does not need to develop his skills or progress into different field of knowledge. Bobby and Norton, on the other hand seem to share similar views about career development and success. Norton is happy when he wins big money and Bobby wants to own his father-in-law company, because he knows how to increase the profit margin. Kenny is down to earth man, rather enjoying and accepting life and career as it is, pursuing his happiness, but only if it is fun. 2. Most probably started his career as Human Resources assistant. Presumably, he graduated with a similar specialty and how he is director of the HR department of the company. Bobby is very ambitious, we may guess that he tried to be first supervisor in various industries, until he found the most suitable area for career development. We do not know for sure whether he was made manager of the new store in Florida, because of his abilities or because he is the son-in-law of Kenny, the owner. Regardless of this his ultimate goal is to own the company that he is currently working for. Kenny's career as radio-television marketing and promotion manager was quite successful, though he pursuit his dream to start sports equipment store. Norton was an engineer for an auto manufacturing company, with large salary, privileges and commitment. Though he liked winning by himself and ended up as co-owner of Team Fun. 3. Since Tony's desire for career is to stay in the Human Resources field, Kenny and Norton can send him off to seminars discussing organizational behaviour, current human resources management practices, successful personnel motivation in order to stimulate this interest in this area and to make him more successful. Bobby would be interested in attending courses focusing on financial control, franchising and making profit. Kenny and Norton can also allocate him in different stores to see how well he is managing when the atmosphere has changed and whether he can adapt quickly. This will help Bobby in succeeding as owner of the company later on. 4. I can suggest

Road rage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Road rage - Essay Example An important piece of information regarding this survey is that the incidence of these kinds of cases rose significantly every year, over the whole period of the survey (Mizell, 1996). The roots of the term road rage are found to be in the modern news media rather than a verified research. Hence, the term is well known due to its repeated usage in communication, and not because of any scientific authenticity. It is widely used to refer to all kinds of violent acts on the road, due to its ability to attract a greater news audience (Roberts & Indermaur, 2005). Whether a driver or any other particular person is targeted or not, any kind of irrational behavior on the road is regarded as road rage. This term is attributed to crimes as small as violating traffic signals to as serious as killing a person. Hence, it is certainly safe to say that road rage is a â€Å"catch all expression for any calamity on concrete† (Bowles & Overberg, 1999). Violent acts on the road have a notable effect on both, the public attitude as well as the safety level of the roads, leading to serious consequences. For instance, due to the harmful effects of road rage, people regard it as a critical problem. This view can dissuade from using roads as a means of transportation. Furthermore, it may also lead to the abandonment of the environmentally healthy means of travel, cycling (Inquiry into Violence associated with Motor Vehicle Use by the Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee, 2005). In addition to the effects on driving, frustration on the road may also lead to a similar violent attitude in other parts of life, such as at home. There is definitive evidence to prove this theory. Hence, a potent resolution of the problem of road frustration may very well have a positive effect on attitudes, also in settings other than the road (Galovski & Blanchard, 2004). Moreover, it may also decrease the deaths and injuries resulting from traffic